Kuwait Airways (, ) is the flag carrier of Kuwait, with its head office on the grounds of Kuwait International Airport, Al Farwaniyah Governorate. It operates scheduled international services throughout the Middle East, to the Indian subcontinent, Europe, Southeast Asia and North America, from its main base at Kuwait International Airport.
On 8 August 1962, Kuwait Airways became the first foreign customer to order the Trident when two aircraft of the type were acquired, and an option for a third was taken. The deal was valued at Pound sterling5.5 million, and also included a Comet 4C. At the same time, the carrier also had a £3 million order in place for three , with an option for a fourth. The airline took delivery of the first Comet of its own in January 1963, but Comet operations had started in the previous year with an aircraft on lease from MEA. In August 1963, a second Comet was ordered. The delivery of this second airframe established an unofficial record in early 1964 when it flew between London and Kuwait, a distance of , at on average. On 1 June 1963, the government increased its participation in the airline to 100%. In March 1964, the carrier added its first European destination to the route network when flights to London were inaugurated using Comet equipment; from that time, services between London and some points in the Middle East, including Abadan, Bahrain, Beirut, Dhahran, Doha and Kuwait, started being operated in a pool agreement between the carrier and BOAC and MEA. A month later, the airline absorbed Trans Arabia Airways.
In April 1965, the route network had expanded to include Abadan, Baghdad, Bahrain, Beirut, Mumbai, Cairo, Damascus, Doha, Frankfurt, Geneva, Jerusalem, Karachi, London, Paris and Tehran. At this time, the fleet comprised two Comet 4Cs, three DC-6Bs, two and three Vickers Viscount; the carrier had two Trident 1Es and three BAC One-Eleven pending delivery. The first Trident was handed over by the aircraft manufacturer in March 1966, and the second followed in the same year. In the interim, a third aircraft of the type was ordered. On the other hand, the One-Elevens were never delivered: in January 1966, the carrier stated that the simultaneous introduction of both types of aircraft was not possible due to a tightened budget, and postponed their delivery; it was informed late that year that the airline would not take them. Three Boeing 707-320Cs were ordered in November 1967. The carrier made its first profit ever in 1968, with a net income of £910,000.
During 1972, Kuwait Airways' consecutive profitable year, the airline had a net profit of £2.9 million. By May 1973, the fleet had reduced to five Boeing 707-320C aircraft. That year, flights to Colombo were launched. In March 1975, Faisal Saud Al-Fulaij, who employed 1,800, was the corporation's chairman. In a deal worth million, two additional ex-Pan American Boeing 707-320Cs were subsequently purchased that year, with the first one entering the fleet in . The carrier ordered its first Boeing 737 that year, slated for delivery in February 1976. Kuwait Airways became the Boeing 727's worldwide customer in 1979 when it ordered three of these aircraft for delivery in late 1980 and early 1981.
By July 1980, chairmanship was held by Ghassan Al-Nissef, the number of employees had grown to 5,400 and the fleet comprised eight Boeing 707-320Cs, one Boeing 737-200, three Boeing 747-200Bs and one Lockheed Jetstar; three Boeing 727-200s were pending delivery. In mid 1980, six Airbus A310-200s were ordered to replace the Boeing 707s on routes to Asia, Europe and the Middle East, with deliveries starting in 1983; five more A310 aircraft were added to the order late that year.
After India's air market was deregulated in 1992, Kuwait Airways and Gulf Air participated in the formation of Jet Airways, each holding a 20% equity stake, with a total investment estimated at million. Following the enactment of a law that banned the investment of foreign carriers in domestic Indian operators, both airlines had to divest their shareholding in the Indian company. Kuwait Airways' 20% stake in Jet Airways was sold to the chairman Naresh Goyal for million.
In July 1996, the carrier modified a previous order that included Boeing 747 aircraft, and placed an order worth million for two Boeing 777-200s, with purchase rights for another aircraft of the type. The operation made Kuwait Airways the customer of the type worldwide. The airframer handed over the first Boeing 777-200 in early 1998. In December 1998, a code-share agreement was signed with Trans World Airlines to begin in the spring of 1999.
In October 2007, the new CEO pledged that the airline should be privatised to compete efficiently against other airlines. He says that the airline will encounter difficulty in advancing, especially in fleet renewal, without privatisation.
Flights to Iraq were resumed in November 2013; Kuwait Airways had discontinued services to the country in 1990 following the invasion of Kuwait. After a 17-year hiatus, the carrier resumed flying to Munich in July 2015. Also in July 2015, the airline restarted flights to Istanbul-Atatürk; the city had not been served for three years. Bangalore was added to the carrier network in October 2015.
The matter was settled on 15 December 2015, when Kuwait Airways informed the United States Department of Transportation that it would eliminate service between JFK and London Heathrow, with The Daily Telegraph reporting that tickets for the route were no longer being sold effective the following week. Councilmember Lancman responded by saying "If you're so New antisemitism that you would rather cancel a flight than provide service to Israeli passport holders, then good riddance."
A similar lawsuit was filed in 2017 by the Lawfare Project against the airline for refusing to allow Israelis on a flight from Frankfurt to Bangkok with a layover in Kuwait. Unlike the case of the New York to London route, in this lawsuit, the German court upheld the right of the airline to refuse passengers with Israeli passports to layover in Kuwait.
In 2011, the privatisation committee valued the carrier at million, following advice by the Citigroup, Ernst & Young and Seabury. The process was expected to be concluded by March 2011. However, in that year, the committee recommended the airline to go through a reorganisation process before continuing with the privatisation programme, something that was approved by Kuwait Council of Ministers. The privatisation draft was amended and the government signed a contract with the International Air Transport Association for the provision of consultation expertise. The law for the privatisation of Kuwait Airways Corporation was passed in January 2013.
Kuwait Airways also went into alliances with several airlines to keep up with demand and to continue its operations during the 1990 war.
+ !Aircraft !Total !Introduced !Retired !Notes | ||||
Airbus A300B4 | 1 | 1983 | 1983 | Leased from Hapag-Lloyd Flug. |
1 | 1991 | 1992 | Leased from EgyptAir. | |
Airbus A300-600R | 8 | 1984 | 2015 | |
Airbus A310-200 | 8 | 1983 | 1990 | |
Airbus A310-300 | 8 | 1991 | 2015 | |
Airbus A340-300 | 4 | 1995 | 2017 | |
Boeing 707-320 | 5 | 1975 | 1978 | Leased from British European Airways. |
Boeing 707-320C | 3 | 1977 | 1977 | Leased from British European Airways and British Midland Airlines. |
10 | 1968 | 1985 | ||
6 | 1991 | 1992 | Leased from Trans Mediterranean Airways. | |
Boeing 727-200 | 4 | 1980 | 1994 | |
Boeing 737-200 | 1 | 1976 | 1980 | |
Boeing 747-200M | 4 | 1978 | 2008 | |
Boeing 747-400M | 1 | 1994 | 2019 | |
Boeing 767-200ER | 2 | 1986 | 1991 | Destroyed by bombing in February 1991. |
1 | 1994 | 1995 | ||
Boeing 777-200ER | 2 | 1998 | 2017 | |
De Havilland Comet | 3 | 1963 | 1969 | One leased from BOAC. |
Douglas C-47B Skytrain | 2 | 1952 | 1970 | |
Douglas DC-6B | 1 | 1964 | 1968 | |
Douglas DC-8-32 | 1 | 1974 | 1976 | |
Douglas DC-8-62F | 3 | 1997 | 1999 | Cargo aircraft. |
Hawker Siddeley Trident | 4 | 1965 | 1972 | |
Lockheed L-1011-200 TriStar | 1 | 1992 | 1994 | Leased from British Airways. |
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 | 1 | 1992 | 1993 | Leased from British Airways. |
Vickers Viscount | 10 | 1958 | 1967 |
Following the airline's rebranding initiative in October 2016, Kuwait Airways received its first Boeing 777-300ER in December 2016, marking the arrival of the airline's first fully owned new aircraft in nearly twenty years. Introduced in 1995, the Airbus A340-300 was retired from service by the airline in 2017. In October 2018, Kuwait Airways amended a pre-existing commitment with Airbus for 10 A350-900s by reducing it to five of these aircraft and ordered eight Airbus A330-800s, which were scheduled to be delivered from March 2019. The first two Airbus A330-800s were handed over to the airline by the aircraft manufacturer in October 2020.
In August 2019, Kuwait Airways Chairman Yousef A. M. J. Alsaqer stated that the airline plans to spend $2.5 billion on new aircraft due to be delivered by 2026.
During the approach to Runway 33R, the aircraft was positioned 6 miles from the airport at 2,300 feet with an airspeed of 178 knots. The autopilot remained engaged, and the co-pilot was occupied with landing checks. The aircraft’s intended approach speed was 154 knots with a 700 ft/min descent rate, but it continued descending at 1,500 ft/min. At 20:46 GMT, the aircraft impacted terrain approximately 4 km short of the runway threshold, slightly left of the centerline, at an elevation of 185 feet.
The accident resulted from an unstable approach rate and failure to follow company regulations. The corrective action of calling for 10,500 rpm was insufficient to regain level flight, and a delayed power request was ineffective. The pilot-in-command did not follow approach procedures, with landing checks incomplete and an incorrect altimeter setting set during the incident, There were 72 passengers and 11 crew members on board with 0 deaths in the incident.
During the standoff in Mashhad, 25 hostages were released, including a male passenger with a medical condition and 24 female passengers. Negotiations stalled, leading the hijackers to force the aircraft to depart. The plane asked for landing permission in Beirut and Damascus but was denied by both. After seven hours, it landed in Larnaca, Cyprus, where two Kuwaiti passengers were executed, and their bodies were left on the tarmac. The ordeal continued as the aircraft flew to Algiers, Algeria, where, after a total of 16 days, the remaining hostages were released, and the hijackers, who were first in custody of the Algerian authorities, but after released and taken to an unknown location, they disappeared, evading capture and failing in their mission of freeing the prisoners in Kuwait.
After the war Kuwait Airways sought to seek compensation for the lost planes, at first, Kuwait was seeking $1.2 billion. Iraq and Kuwait ended up settling on a deal that would see Iraq pay Kuwait $500 million. $300 million in cash and $200 million in a Kuwaiti-Iraqi airline venture.
Awards
Services
Incidents and accidents
Kuwait Airways Flight 032
Kuwait Airways Flight 422
Kuwait Airways during the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait
See also
Notes
External links
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